How were pyramids built? Wedges perform work on materials and enable engineers to build or cut materials into desired shapes. One of the most common uses of a wedge is as a construction or manufacturing tool. Technological advances have modified the way we use the wedge as a tool. For example, the jackhammer — an automated chiseling device — is a modern-day wedge.
When designing a wedge for a specific task, engineers design the wedge angle or sharpness and determine the wedge material appropriate for the task. Engineers use a wedge to gain a mechanical advantage — a trade-off that results in the amount of cutting one must do being increased, but the cutting being much easier to perform.
Each TeachEngineering lesson or activity is correlated to one or more K science, technology, engineering or math STEM educational standards.
In the ASN, standards are hierarchically structured: first by source; e. View aligned curriculum. Do you agree with this alignment? Thanks for your feedback! Students continue their pyramid building journey, acting as engineers to determine the appropriate wedge tool to best extract rock from a quarry and cut into pyramid blocks.
Using sample materials wax, soap, clay, foam representing rock types that might be found in a quarry, they test a variety of Students are introduced to the six types of simple machines — the wedge, wheel and axle, lever, inclined plane, screw, and pulley — in the context of the construction of a pyramid, gaining high-level insights into tools that have been used since ancient times and are still in use today. Students explore methods employing simple machines likely used in ancient pyramid building, as well as common modern-day material transportation.
They learn about the wheel and axle as a means to transport materials from rock quarry to construction site. This lesson introduces students to three of the six simple machines used by many engineers. These machines include the inclined plane, the wedge and the screw. General knowledge of pyramids and geometric angles. Familiarity with the six simple machines introduced in Lesson 1 of this unit.
It is beneficial to the students to have already completed Simple Machines: Lesson 1, in which they began learning about pyramids and how we believe they were built. The quarry site chosen by student teams in the Lesson 1 activity gives them a better idea of the early steps involved in pyramid building, and the Stack It Up! To aid in student learning about how a wedge is most effectively designed and used as a cutting tool, it is beneficial for students to understand the basics about geometric angles for example, knowing that a small angle makes a sharper point or wedge, while a larger angle creates a duller wedge.
We are chief engineers for the leader of ancient Egypt who has hired us to build a pyramid. We have already chosen the pyramid building site and we have made a final pyramid design. We have figured out what the dimensions of our stone blocks will be, calculated exactly how many stone blocks we will need, and estimated the timeline for the completion of our project.
Since we have finished the planning stage, the next step for us is to begin the construction process. We need to go to the quarry the rock pit where we are going to get our stone , cut out the rock from the ground, shape the rock into the correct-sized stones, transport the stones to the site, and lift the stones into place. But how are we going to do all of these things? Let's divide the entire job into smaller tasks and focus on the first two: cutting and shaping the rocks.
Which of the simple machines do you think would be the best for cutting rocks? Would it be a lever, pulley, screw, wheel and axle, wedge or an inclined plane? Review or refer to the different types of simple machines and lead the class to decide on a wedge to split things apart.
A variety of wedges made of different materials can be used as tools to break away the stones. The size of a wedge determines how big a rock you can remove from the quarry. The rock is removed due to the forces applied onto it. A force causes an object, with mass , to move. Another word for this is acceleration. By focusing the force on a small area of the rock, and not all around it or equally from both sides, these unbalanced forces cause some of the rock's particles to move and shear, or slide apart.
No matter what location you chose for your building site, your quarry is likely to have a variety of different rock types within it. That is why it is necessary to have wedges made from different materials to effectively cut each rock type. It helps to understand the material properties of both the wedge and the material to be cut.
Some large rocks are very hard and require a sharp and metallic wedge, while softer, clay-like rocks can be cut using wedges created from softer materials. Pyramid stones were quite large, which means that the wedges would also have been large to be able to complete the task of removing rocks from the quarry.
As a class, let's create a list of the different materials, or rocks, that you might come across in your quarry. For example, if your site is in the desert you will probably be working with sand, marble and clay, and you would not find the large boulders that would be present in a mountain quarry.
Now that you have thought through what types of rocks you expect to encounter, think about the size of the rock pieces you want to extract. It may seem counterintuitive, but lob wedges are not easy to wield and take a lot of practice to get good with. You want your wedges to save you shots — not add more to your scorecard.
So instead of attempting the hero shot, consider the higher percentage play with less loft. No matter how many wedges you carry, you definitely want the right grind suited for not only the shots you like to hit, but also the type of courses on which you normally play. Without getting too deep in the rough pun very much intended , the bounce angle refers to how high the leading edge rests off the ground at address.
A wide-soled wedge with more bounce and camber the curvature from the leading to trailing edge on the sole is a good option if you tend to have a steep angle of attack and take significant divots. Course conditions can also play a role in the grind you select: low bounce with a leading edge that sits tight on the turf for firm conditions; more bounce for soft conditions. Examples of a wedge simple machine A wedge is simply a triangular tool, often made of metal, wood, stone, or plastic.
A wedge can be used in many ways: To cut knife To split axe To tighten and to hold back doorstopper To hold together nail To scrape blades on the snowplow or farm grader Wedges work by changing direction and force applied to it. Double and single wedge A wedge may be a single wedge or double wedge.
Trade-off The longer and thinner a wedge is sharper , the more work it does with little effort. What is an Ecosystem? The amazing interaction of biotic and abiotic factors. Food nutrients. What is soil? What is soil made up of? What is renewable energy? Symbiotic relationship. What is a rock? They come in all sizes and usually have handles attached to them. Wedges can be used in many different ways: for cutting, splitting, tightening or to hold back, to hold together, or for scraping, such as a snowplow or farm grader.
A wedge works by a braking apart an object as shown in the image to the right. The hammer's force on the wedge is causing the object to break apart in two directions as shown by the arrows.
An axe is a wedge with a handle. In the image to the left it is splitting apart the tree stump. The axe is a wedge made of metal and the force used splits apart the stump.
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