Therefore, this appositive is restrictive and has no commas. If an appositive is unnecessary to understand the identity of the noun or noun phrase it is identifying, it is nonrestrictive. What are restrictive Appositives examples? Here are a few examples of restrictive appositives: My friend Evan James loves video games.
Because this appositive is necessary for full understanding of the sentence, it is restrictive. Nathan, whose sister is my best friend , will be coming on the trip with us. Whose sister is my best friend is a nonrestrictive clause. It contains the subject sister and the verb is. The clause modifies the noun Nathan, providing additional, nonessential information about it. Most are nonessential.
These are also called nonrestrictive. An appositive can come before or after the main noun, and it can be at the beginning, middle or end of a sentence. It has to sit beside the noun it defines. As a noun phrase, an appositive does not have a subject or a predicate, and so does not express a complete thought. An appositive is a word or group of words that renames something else. An appositive is often a noun or noun phrase that helps explain or identify another noun or a pronoun. If the sentence would be clear and complete without the appositive, then commas are necessary; place one before and one after the appositive.
In grammar, an apposition occurs when two words or phrases are placed beside each other in a sentence so that one describes or defines the other. A restrictive appositive provides information essential to identifying the phrase in apposition. It limits or clarifies that phrase in some crucial way, such that the meaning of the sentence would change if the appositive were removed. The article that I requested did not arrive on time.
The participants who I interviewed met me at the local library. Nonrestrictive Clauses Nonrestrictive Clause A nonrestrictive clause adds additional information to a sentence. Here are a few examples: I want to thank my father , Mark Smith, for all of his love and support.
With the nonrestrictive clause omitted: I want to thank my father for all of his love and support. The hypothesis , which I tested throughout the research, was rejected. With the nonrestrictive clause omitted: The hypothesis was rejected.
I have found the article , which I have been looking for. With the nonrestrictive clause omitted: I have found the article. A relative pronoun cannot be deleted in a nonrestrictive clause. Reduced Relative Clauses In academic writing, relative clauses are often reduced for a more concise style.
Here are some examples: Gun control is a controversial issue that is about personal rights. Thus, who eat vegetables is an essential element of that sentence.
Nonrestrictive clauses provide additional but optional descriptions that can be excised from a sentence without altering its meaning or structure. Kaylee, who just graduated from high school, is an accomplished figure skater. While the nonrestrictive clause who just graduated from high school offers a good description of the subject of this sentence, Kaylee , the sentence retains its meaning without it.
Kaylee is an accomplished figure skater. A broad rule you can apply to relative clauses in order to punctuate them correctly is that restrictive clauses are never offset by commas, whereas nonrestrictive clauses are. One way to remember this is that nonrestrictive clauses are removable, and commas mark the removable part of the sentence.
Restrictive clauses , on the other hand, are essential; they need to blend with their sentences seamlessly, without commas. Would you lend me the book, that you recommended last week? Would you lend me the book that you recommended last week? Redwood trees, which grow in California, can be over feet tall. Appositive can be two types- Restrictive essential or non-restrictive non-essential appositive. Restrictive Appositive: When an appositive is needed in a sentence and it renames a noun or pronoun which is general, then it is referred as an essential or restrictive appositive.
Place proper punctuation around nonrestrictive clauses , but do not place punctuation around restrictive clauses. When a nonrestrictive clause appears in the middle of a sentence , place commas around it.
Underline the relative pronouns. Decide which relative clause is essential and necessary to the meaning of the sentence. Decide which relative clause is not really essential and provide only extra information to the meaning of the sentence.
A restrictive modifying clause or essential clause is an adjective clause that is essential to the meaning of a sentence because it limits the thing it refers to. The meaning of the sentence would change if the clause were deleted. Because restrictive clauses are essential, they are not set off by commas. A restrictive clause restricts or defines the meaning of a noun or noun phrase and provides necessary information about the noun in the sentence.
It is not separated from the rest of the sentence by commas. Restrictive clauses are more common in writing than nonrestrictive clauses. Use a comma before which when it introduces a nonrestrictive phrase. There are two types of relative clause : restrictive or defining relative clauses and non-restrictive or non-defining relative clauses.
The difference between them is as follows: A restrictive relative clause provides essential information about the noun to which it refers. An appositive can come before or after the main noun and it can be at the beginning, middle, or end of a sentence, as long as it sits beside the noun it defines.
As a noun phrase, an appositive does not have a subject or predicate, and is not a complete thought. Examples of What is a Dependent Clause. The clause does not express a complete thought and cannot stand on its own as a sentence.
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